Langston Hughes And I Hear America Singing By Walt Whitman

In contrasting or comparing literary works it is crucial that the reader analyze the authors voice to gain a better understanding of the theme they are implying. In the contrast between the poems â€Å"I, too, sing America† by Langston Hughes, and â€Å"I hear America singing† by Walt Whitman it is clear that the two poets have very different point of views regarding American patriotism. Walt Whitman’s views on America’s joy and peace in his poems are very straightforward, while Langston Hughes poem--a response to Whitman’s--wants the reader to acknowledge what America should be like for everyone, including people of color such as himself. The authors of these poems prove to have conflicting judgements on matters in America including a theme of†¦show more content†¦Not only do their tones signify why the poems are so distinctive but they make it obvious to the speaker what they are both trying to say. Langston Hughes at first talks about ho w they send him to eat in the kitchen and towards the end of the poem he says, â€Å". . . Nobody’ll dare Say to me, â€Å"Eat in the kitchen,† Then . . .† (ll. 11-14). He is defying what people like Whitman have to say and in the process showing that their actions are wrong and that he will not stand for it. Moreover, he confronts Whitman’s idea of America’s perfectness. Unlike Hughes, Whitman’s tone is a lot more clear. He mentions the words, â€Å". . . young fellows, robust, friendly . . .† (ll. 17-18) . Whitman also mentions the line, â€Å". . . Singing with their mouths their strong melodious songs.† (l. 18) . His tone is clearly happy and joyful, and while it is quite obvious that his voice is merry, it’s also laced with ignorance toward the real situation of everyone struggling with their work, old and young, man or woman. His own utopia causes him to see America for what it isn’t, while Hughes understands the struggle of everyday Americans, even not being considered one himself. Furthermore, it allows him to think about what can change in America in the future. The futuristic visions the poets hold say a great deal about them and their patriotism. Walt Whitman shows omission to the subject and doesn’t mention any type of future for America in his poem. He says, â€Å"I hearShow MoreRelatedThe Difference Between Langston Hughes And I Hear America Singing998 Words   |  4 PagesIn this essay I will be talking about the differences between Walt Whitmans poem â€Å" I Hear America Singing† and Langston Hughes poem â€Å" I, Too, Sing America†. I will also be giving my opinion on whether or not Langston Hughes is responding to Walt Whitmans poem. Langston Hughes was an American poet, social activist, novelist, playwright, and a columnist from Joplin, Missouri. Walt Whitman was an American poet, essayist, and a journalist from West Hills, New York. This is all just background informationRead MoreSimilarities And Similarities Between Langston Hughes And I Hear America Singing835 Words   |  4 Pagesthis paper I will be ta lking about the similarities and differences in the two different poems. The two poems were written by two incredible poets and were probably one of the best in their lifetimes. The first poem is written by Walt Whitman and is called â€Å" I Hear America Singing†. The other poem is by Langston Hughes and is called â€Å"I, Too, Sing America† .Many people believe that Langston Hughes wrote his poem â€Å"I, Too, Sing America† in response to Walt Whitmans poem â€Å" I Hear America Singing†. SomeRead MoreWalt Whitman And Langston Hughes Analysis796 Words   |  4 PagesWalt Whitman and Langston Hughes. Two highly renowed poets. One of Whitmans most known poems, I Hear America Singing, is about living the American life; he explains multiple types of people in his piece of work and how they are all a part of America. Similar to this, Langston Hughes wrote the poem I, Too, Sing America, and in this, he includes African Americans, suggesting that Whitman left some people out. Also saying, that blacks are proud and just as big of a part of America as anyone elseRead MoreWalt Whitman, Langston Hughes, And Tupac Shakur1088 Words   |  5 PagesWalt Whitman, Langston Hughes, and Tupac Shakur have a major role in English Literature, Even though they live during the different time periods from different backgrounds, and they all have written many poems about the American dream. When it comes to the American dream, people have different points of view on the topic. Many people believe that American dream is about all American citizens having equal rights and opportunities to achieve the success through hard work. On the other hand, many peopleRead MoreI Too Sing America Analysis852 Words   |  4 PagesSinging America Langston Hughes has cited Walt Whitman as one of his greatest influences he has had, and some believe that Hughes wrote I, Too, Sing America in response to Whitmans I Hear America Singing. Hughes builds on to Whitmans poem by writing his poem along the same lines and basics as Whitmans. Both poems talk about the way people work hard, how they sing America, and the way they are so content and never complain. All the characters work all day and they sing America, meaning theyRead MoreCompare And Contrast Langston Hughes And I Hear America Singing753 Words   |  4 PagesAmerica Singing Slavery was a time of despair and great pain for many African Americans. Americans today hold a much different view on slavery than all of their ancestors. Slavery is not only suggested but it is illegal completely and very immoral. Back then, blacks and some whites fought to end slavery. The 246 years of black enslavement finally came to an end on December 6, 1865. Many people used art, writing, and music as a way to express themselves during this hard time. Walt Whitman, an AmericanRead MoreAn Analytical Comparison of I Hear America Singing and I, Too:708 Words   |  3 PagesAn Analytical Comparison of â€Å"I Hear America Singing† and â€Å"I, Too† Born ten years after the death of Walt Whitman, there was no possible way for Langston Hughes to ever meet or communication with Whitman, but that did not mean Hughes could not establish a connection to him, or at least his work. In 1925, Hughes wrote a poem titled â€Å"I, Too† was inspired by and directed in response to the poem â€Å"I Hear America Singing†, which was composed by Whitman much earlier. Whitman’s poem consisted of a varietyRead MoreAnalysis Of Walt Whitman s Works And Pieces1452 Words   |  6 Pagestreated equally and they must remove the barriers that are preventing freedom. As America develops its culture, these unintimidated activists have similar dreams including Walt Whitman, Langston Hughes, Charlotte Gilman, Malala Yousafzi, Alice Paul, and Martin Luther King Jr. influence their views of society to promote equality and social change. Walt Whitman’s works and pieces illuminates on the potential of America. Whitman is a very outspoken and an optimistic poet and feels that when he was visitingRead MoreI Hear America Singing By Langston Hughes991 Words   |  4 Pages Langston Hughes spoke and captivated the general struggles of an African American’s life during the 1900s through his poem, â€Å"I, Too.† Hughes’ points out the injustice of bigotry or one’s beliefs in America, and his overall message is saying that an African American’s hard work is just as noteworthy as any other American. In contrast, Walt Whitman, author of â€Å"I Hear America Singing,† speaks about the employed citizens of America. He gives honor to those who are living their lives and working to makeRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem I Hear America Singing 994 Words   |  4 Pages Hughes versus Whitman Langston Hughes spoke and captivated the general struggles of an African American’s life during the 1900s through his poem, â€Å"I, Too.† Hughes’ points out the injustice of bigotry or one’s beliefs in America, and his overall message is saying that an African American’s hard work is just as noteworthy as any other American. In contrast, Walt Whitman, author of â€Å"I Hear America Singing,† speaks about the employed citizens of America. He gives honor to those who are living their

Arthur Miller s The Crucible Essay - 1194 Words

In Arthur Miller’s The Crucible, the normal criteria that a central character fits, is not met by the apparent protagonist, John Proctor. Common traits one might expect to find in a traditional hero are humility, patience and caring. John Proctor, while he is the principal, has many qualities that could instead assume him the role of the antagonist and land him in the adversary box. His background and slight character flaws cause him to take on the personalities of both a protagonist and antagonist. Proctor, because he exhibits qualities of both types of characters, is what is known as a tragic hero. Tragic heroes are characters within stories that due to a judgment error, is the cause of his/her own demise. In Proctor’s case, his error was made when he refuses to give up the names of other alleged witches, and refuses to allow the court to hang his confession in the center of town. John Proctor embodies three major signs of tragic heroism. Proctor, even through the res t of the village perceives him as great, knows deep down inside that because of past sins, he will never be able to live up to his reputation. As well, John Proctor is a tragic hero because he had the power to stop his own execution, therefore his downfall was no one s’ fault but his own. This reluctance to forfeit the names of other â€Å"witches† could be seen as a character flaw. The final criteria that Proctor meets for a tragic hero is that the punishment received is way too severe for the â€Å"crime† committed.Show MoreRelatedArthur Miller s The Crucible2214 Words   |  9 PagesJohn Proctor: A tragic hero A man s reputation in many forms is his, life’s work. To have your reputation dismantled is like taking away one s accomplishments and life’s work. Arthur Miller s The Crucible is a play about justice and injustice, and how our justice system can be easily corrupted. The story revolves around a man named John Proctor, the tragic hero of this story. John Protector is a symbolic character created by Arthur Miller, because he faced the justice system head on. Proctor’sRead MoreArthur Miller s The Crucible1191 Words   |  5 PagesIn Arthur Miller’s The Crucible, the normal criteria that a central character fits, is not met by the protagonist, John Proctor. Common traits one might expect to find in a traditional hero are humility, patience and caring. John Proctor, while he is the principal, has many qualities that could instead assume him the role of the antagonist and land him in the adversary box. His background and slight character flaws cause him to t ake on the the personalities of both a protagonist and antagonist. ProctorRead MoreArthur Miller s The Crucible833 Words   |  4 PagesThere are an array of Aristotelian tragic heroes throughout American literature. One of which includes John Proctor, main character farmer in mid-30s, from Arthur Miller s play, The Crucible. Yet, in order for him to obtain such a title he must possess specific characteristics. Five of which include possession of hubris, a flaw or decision leading to desire for revenge, a reversal of good fortune brought forth by the error of judgement, acceptance of poor fortune brought forth by their actions,Read MoreAnalysis Of Arthur Miller s The Crucible 1457 Words   |  6 PagesSteven Huang Ms. Folkrod English 3, Period 7 26 October 2014 Proctor’s Pride and Downfall A tragic hero is a hero in a story whose natural flaws or wrong judgments, associates with bad fate, causes his downfall or death. In Arthur Miller’s The Crucible, there are tragic heroes. In the late 1600s, there are a series of witch trials happens at Salem, MA. John Proctor, a farmer who lives in a farm with his wife Elizabeth Proctor, is the protagonist during the Salem witch trial. John is a candid, frankRead MoreAnalysis Of Arthur Miller s The Crucible 961 Words   |  4 Pages Movie paper analysis of The crucible The circumstance brought upon a person can change them greatly. The Crucible edited and rewritten by Arthur Miller, is a movie which takes place in Salem, Massachusetts in 1692. The leading actors are Daniel Day-Lewis as Proctor, Winona Ryder as Abigail, Paul Scofield as Judge Danforth, Joan Allen as Elizabeth, Bruce Davison as Parris, and Rob Campbell as Hale. It was directed by Nicholas Hytner and was Based on the witch hunt which surrounded MassachusettsRead MoreAnalysis Of Arthur Miller s The Crucible 1732 Words   |  7 Pagesin the world. II. Biographical Arthur Miller was a controversial playwright during the 1950’s and 60’s, note because of the material that he choose to write about, but because of the events that took place surrounding one of his best works: The Crucible. One of his friends and a fellow playwright Elia Kazan was accused of being a Communist by the house Un-American Activities Committee. Elia, who had admitted to being previously a Communist during the 1930’s (long before the cold war) was askedRead MoreAnalysis Of Arthur Miller s The Crucible 1052 Words   |  5 PagesArthur Miller was one of the leading American playwrights in the 20th century. Arthur Miller was born on October 17, 1915 in Harlem New York City to Isidore and Augusta Miller (GradeSaver). After graduating from high school, Miller worked a variety of odd jobs including hosting a radio program; this was before the University of Michigan accepted him. At school, he studied journalism, became the night editor of the Michigan Daily, and began experimenting with theater and writing plays. He lived throughRead MoreAnalysis Of Arthur Miller s The Crucible 908 Words   |  4 PagesDel Giudice Mrs. Schmiedeler English 2F 21 October 2015 Crucible Essay â€Å"It takes many good deeds to build a good reputation, and only one bad one to lose it.† This is a quote by Benjamin Franklin and it explains how the puritan society in The Crucible work. this quote shows how fragile a reputation can be, you can spend your whole life increasing your reputation, but one wrong move and it’s completely wrong. In The Crucible, many of Arthur Miller’s characters are very concerned with their reputationRead MoreAnalysis Of Arthur Miller s The Crucible 2138 Words   |  9 Pages Crucible Character Essay - John Proctor #6 In Arthur Miller’s â€Å"The Crucible† the protagonist is a man by the name of John Proctor. Proctor is a very complex character because he doesn t have the cleanest history. He is a man in about his forties who had committed the sin of cheating on his wife with a young girl. This act of his gives a bad first impression to the reader. Proctor however does try to become a better man and do the right thing to save his wife s life, which changes feelingsRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter And Arthur Miller s The Crucible1050 Words   |  5 PagesNathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter and Arthur Miller’s The Crucible, the repercussions of committing adultery are exhibited through characters in two different puritanical societies. Arthur Dimmesdale, Hester Prynne, John Proctor, and Abigail Williams are all victims to this. Despite living in sincere societies, these characters behave hypocritically in order to hide a concealed truth, resulting in internal ignomi ny, until they ultimately confess. Arthur Dimmesdale shows his guilt and hypocritical

The Uk Diabetes Problem Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

I have done the nursing occupation in my back place state Nepal and now I am making the attention helper for aged people in attention place. Most of the occupants are enduring from different diseases, such as diabetes, dementedness.In my unit most of occupant are suffered from diabetes. We will write a custom essay sample on The Uk Diabetes Problem Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now In my state Nepal I have seen many patients of diabetes, from where I got the more cognition about the diabetes. Not merely UK people but besides whole universe people is enduring from the diabetes. Many research are conducted on this instance, diabetes affects six per centum of the universe ‘s population and its prevalence is duplicating every coevals.There are presently over two and half million people diabetes in UK and there are more than half a million people with diabetes who have the status and do n’t cognize it. Harmonizing to diabetes UK statistics show that over 80 % of people diagnosed with type2 diabetes and corpulence. Diabetes patient spend an norm of A ; lb ; 4500 yearly on costs for handling their diseases in the universe. The cost of diabetes to the national wellness service stands at about amp ; lb ; 1 million per hr and is increasing quickly a new study indicates ( www.diabetes.co.uk ) .Diabetes 29/04/2011 ) histories for about a ten percent of NHS budget each twelvemonth a entire exceeding A ; lb ; 9 billion. The complications of diabetes are legion and deathly and include amputation, bosom disease kidney failure and sightlessness, the study highlights the facts that eight out of 10 people with diabetes dices of bosom disease and stroke.Goverment is passing tonss of money and has committed to guaranting there is greater focal point on speed uping the gait of betterment in diabetes attention. Increasing the diabetes patients evidently affect the system and economic system position of the state because alternatively of utilizing money in productive work, concern and building authorities is paying for diabetes which is straight influences the state. HEALTH Wellbeing AND QUALITY OF LIFE It is really complicated and difficult to specify wellness, there are 100s of positions from different writer and different organisations.As we know all of the accept the definition of universe wellness organisation, wellness is a complete, physical mental and societal well- being and non simply the absence of disease and frailty which means wellness is in relationship with different factors like single, physical, societal physiological, emotional, environmental and cultural it means wellness is non merely absence of disease. Person may go ailment with his mental and societal position and his milieus. Health is really of import factor in human life as we know the stating wellness is wealth. Same like wellness wellbeing is besides the of import factor of healthy and affluent life. Actually well-being is being healthy felicity, free from emphasis, mentally, physically, socially and emotionally. Health and wellbeing are the most of import constituents of healthy life. These are the constituent which determines the quality of life. Along with wellness and well-being quality of life is really of import which play large function in life of single. Quality of life denotes how the person is? His day-to-day life activities, his or her wellbeing. This is the term which determines populating status, installations, possibilities, security, satisfaction, income, employment, nutrient, instruction, quality wellness services, hygiene, public assistance and support. It is different from everyone. The chief thing determine quality of life is our ability to bask all that life has to offer for cases, the ability to walk, talk and experience all contributes to our all quality of life. ( journal.diabetes.org volume 30/04/2011 ) Diabetess During our life clip we know is likely to diabetes mellitus, better known as diabetes.Diabetes is found when the sugar in our blood is excessively high. It happens when something goes incorrect with the manner our organic structure uses the nutrient we eat. Our organic structure breaks down nutrient into sugar, fat, and protein. Our organic structure uses sugar for energy. A endocrine called insulin helps our organic structure turn sugar into energy. Insulin is made in the pancreas, which is located near our tummy. When we eat, our pancreas supposed to do the right sum of insulin to travel the sugar from our blood into our organic structure ‘s cells. When we have diabetes, we have no insulin or non adequate insulin, or our organic structure does non react to the insulin it makes. The sugar stays in our blood. When excessively much sugar builds up in our blood and reaches a certain degree we have DIABETES. Diabetes is serious, womb-to-tomb unwellness. It can do bosom and blood v as diseases, sightlessness, kidney failure, nervus harm, dentition and gum jobs, and toe, pes or leg amputations. ( www.handsonhealth-sc.org Idaho 1119 ) . If we can non command diabetes can perplex gestation, and birth defects are more common in babes born to adult females who have it. Understanding digestion and insulin Most of the nutrient we eat is broke down into glucose, it is the signifier of the sugar in the blood.it is the chief fuel for the organic structure. After digestion procedure, glucose base on ballss into the blood stream, where it is used by cells for growing and energy. For glucose to acquire into the cells insulin must be present. Insulin is a endocrine produced by the pancreas, pancreas is the big secretory organ behind tummy, people with diabetes do non do insulin, or they can non utilize insulin decently, or both. This causes glucose to construct up in the blood alternatively of traveling into the cells. As a consequence people with the status frequently feel ; thirsty, hungry tired. How to cite The Uk Diabetes Problem Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Health Services In United States Essay Research free essay sample

Health Services In United States Essay, Research Paper Health Services in United StatesThe historic payment system for reimbursing infirmaries both by insurance companies and by Medicare has been Retrospective Cost Based Reimbursement ( RCBR ) . This system of reimbursement encourages infirmaries to over charge in order to cover the costs of the uninsured who utilize the infirmary. Charges have continued to lift twelvemonth after twelvemonth finally seting the employers at a point where they could no longer afford the payments. For physician reimbursements, both insurance companies and Medicare employed the Usual and Customary ( U+C ) attack to reimbursement. This pattern, which averaged the charges for a process in a part, besides encourages physicians to over-charge in order to raise the mean sum paid to them for a process. These two systems, RCBR and U+C finally started to suck excessively much money out of the insurance companies, employers, and the Medicare/Social Security trust fund so that intercessions were deemed necessary. Possibly the biggest intercession adopted by the private sector to cut down medical service costs was the tendency toward concerns self-insuring. By making so, they avoided state-mandated benefits that were required if they hired a third-party insurance company. In add-on, the money was now paid to claims as they arose instead than prospectively so income could be earned on this capital as it sat in the bank. Other intercession to cut down medical service costs chiefly involved private insurance companies as it was hard for little concerns to self-insure because of low-capitol. Underwriting was a typical pattern of insurance companies ; that is, excepting some employees from coverage if they have preexisting conditions or if they are employed in |high-riskX countries. Payment caps are were besides employed by insurance companies as a manner to salvage medical costs. This pattern meant puting bounds for the entire sum paid for selected diagnosings. These intercessions finally led to cleavage in the insurance market. A displacement occurred in the manner that insurance companies calculated premium charges. Community evaluation used to be the norm. It involves puting all donees into a big group and projecting their claims. Premiums were so spread across the full group as were hazards. However, as a consequence of the historical infirmary and physician payments strategies, insurance companies shifted to see evaluation. That is, a evaluation that bases a group+s premiums on its experient cost. Therefore, by merely including low-risk, low-priced persons under coverage, premiums for those persons may be minimized. This consequence leaves little groups behind, paying much more in premiums. These intercessions mentioned every bit good as increased experience-rating adopted by insurance companies and the subsequent phenomena of market cleavage have had effects on many degrees of the wellness attention system: Premiums for little employers have skyrocketed for two ground s. First, administrative costs for little employers are proportionately higher than those for larger houses ( Congressional Research Service ) and secondly, larger houses have more market clout and are so able to seal the contracts that provide lower premiums to their employees. Larger houses are besides able to distribute the hazards of their insured employees across a larger beneficiary base with tonss of capitol to absorb any abnormalcy in claims from one twelvemonth to the following. Small houses don+t have this luxury and as a consequence their premiums have increased. As wellness attention costs grew, many larger concerns opted to self-insure and take the hazards of their employees instead than paying an insurance company to execute this function. These employers besides avoided the province mandated benefits and could utilize capital non prospectively paid to gain involvement. It was in the 1980 s, when employers were going progressively concerned about surging wellness atten tion costs, commercial insurance companies were concerned about the hereafter of traditional wellness insurance, and doctors were progressively fall ining wellness programs to vouch a steady flow of clients, that managed attention truly spread out dramatically. As diagram 1 shows ( see fond regards ) , the figure of people enrolled in HMO s in 1976 was 6 million and by 1991 had reached 38.6 million. The higher costs of medical attention forced different groups into HMO s for different grounds. Doctors enrolled in HMO s gave up some liberty but were guaranteed a steady flow of patients. The patients enrolled were guaranteed attention for a fixed monthly premium at the disbursal of sing lone suppliers covered in their program. The draining of the Social Security trust fund by traditional infirmary RCBR method and doctors by U+C for Medicare was tackled by alternate payment mechanisms. The traditional U+C payment to physicians was replaced with the Resource Based Relative Value Scale ( RBRVS ) 1n 1992. This system of payment assigned a numerical value to every process performed in order to try to exteriorize what goes into a physician s service. In this manner, the payments to doctors could be regulated and controlled. Hospitals, which were traditionally reimbursed under RCBR were paid by the Prospective Payment System ( PPS ) get downing in 1983. Under this system, each episode of unwellness was associated with a fixed payment regardless of resources consumed, clip spent, or disbursals incurred. All unwellnesss were grouped into Diagnostic Related Groups ( DRG ) efficaciously cataloguing hospitalized patients harmonizing to fee payment. The ever-increasing costs associated with wellness attention brought along many cost-saving intercessions which have been mentioned. These intercessions had effects at all degrees of the wellness attention industry but particularly so in infirmaries as they represent 38 % of our state s wellness outgo. Hospital admittances declin ed aggressively as the new payment strategies for infirmaries were introduced in 1983. Since infirmaries were being paid by a PPS system, the inducement was to acquire the patients out every bit shortly as possible. Admiting patients is associated with high costs and infirmaries opted for more outpatient attention instead than admittances. This PPS payment construction besides influenced the mean length of stay. Hospitals were now encouraged financially to let go of patients every bit shortly as possible since they were reimbursed the same sum regardless of the continuance of the stay. Efficiency was now of paramount concern as a individual sitting in a bed represented a cost that could be contained if the patient was released earlier than subsequently. It is no surprise so that tenancy R Ates for infirmaries have besides declined since 1980. This combination of decreased admittances and shorter length of stay per visit resulted in few people in infirmaries at any given clip. These tendencies present particular jobs for smaller, rural infirmaries which have more trouble assemblage resources, remaining technologically current, and keeping fiscal strength. As a consequence, more and more smaller infirmaries are shuting, particularly in these rural countries. The high degree of unemployment in the early 1980 s along with stricter eligibility demands for Medicaid led to a rise in the figure of uninsured persons in the U.S. ( see diagram 2 ) . Market cleavage get downing in the early 80 s besides contributed to the figure of uninsured as those with preexistent conditions or high-risk occupations were denied coverage. Because of the extremely competitory infirmary market created by payment alterations, the inducement to handle the uninsured is lost and these people are progressively marginalized. No longer may hospitals subsidi se the intervention of the uninsured by over-charging employers or insurance companies. Many cuts have proposed by the Republicans in Congress that aim to pare down the cost of wellness attention. Medicare is at the root of many of these proposed policy alterations. Among them are additions in co-payments made by donees, caps on payments to donees, a decrease in the sum paid to donees per episode of unwellness, a retention of the rates of addition for infirmaries and physicians so that if services addition, payments lessening, and allowing the market of course travel people into HMOs. These proposed policy alterations are likely to consequence infirmaries in many ways, some of which are already being seen. It is likely that hospital admittances will go on to worsen as infirmaries have no inducement to acknowledge. Payments are the same to hospitals whether the dainty outpatient or they admit the patient, so to salvage money the natural inclination is to handle with ambulatory or out patient attention. Even more incentive is present for infirmaries non to acknowledge a patient as the sum paid to them will diminish as they increase services. Incentive to non treat+ is what it may be called. For those that are admitted to infirmaries, we will go on to see a decrease in the figure of yearss each patient stays in the infirmary. The motive for the infirmary to let go of the patient persists because of the payment strategies in topographic point. For the patient who is paying a higher co-payment, the inducement is besides to go forth the infirmary every bit shortly as they feel good plenty # 8230 ; and sometimes earlier! What we are likely to see are increasing Numberss of rural infirmary closings as they are unable to last the bead in hospital visits and corsets. Empty beds mean administrative costs for the infirmary that need to be defrayed by handling people. If there is cipher to handle, the infirmary must necessarily close down. As people continue to travel into HMO s to have some kind of coverage, infirmaries will possibly see an addition in the figure of visitants at infirmaries but they will be required to have anterior blessing for most processs and the sum paid to the infirmaries will stay the same regardless of the figure of processs so the inducement to handle more is lost. As Medicare cuts continue to predominate, it is likely that more and more donees of Medicare will be drawn into HMO s. Just as this has led to increased market cleavage in the private-insurance community so would it take to the same moral force in the Medicare community. Those infirmaries or doctors that sign contracts with HMO s will be procuring their patient-base while the HMO will be cornering more of the hospital/physician market. For those who are non enrolled in HMO s, their costs will non be controlled. Higher fees will be the likely consequence. Since the Medicare reform proposals pay less per episode of unwellness, the patient will be responsible for mo re of this increased sum. The sum of Medigap payments for Medicare donees is besides likely to travel up as a consequence of the current Medicare reform proposals. Medicare will pay less per episode of unwellness. If we assume that the charge per episode of unwellness will non come down, so the sum that must come out of the pocket of the beneficiary must increase. This addition will be a direct consequence of the cuts to the Medicare plan. Long-term attention in the United States has received much attending in recent old ages as the baby-boomers shortly will be the population necessitating this type of attention. For those seeking long-run attention there are several options available with different payments beginnings for each. They are briefly outlined here: Nursing Homes: nursing place attention may be provided in different scenes with differing payment options for each. They are consumer payment-this type of attention may include anything measure uping as day-to-day attention fo r an aged or mentally-ill patient necessitating long-run attention. There is by and large a day-to-day charge rate for the tutelary attention. Mediacaid covers tutelary and general attention one time personal financess are depleted. Medicare covers skilled nursing and skilled therapies following hospitalization This coverage is limited to 100 yearss maximal per episode. Home/Community-Based Care: this type of attention consists of skilled nursing attention and therapies, homemaker/home wellness assistance attention, high engineering place therapy, and lasting medical equipment. Consumer bought attention may include personal attention, including the aforesaid place wellness AIDSs and housewifes and job services. Besides, any RN clip spent beyond that authorized would be covered by the patient. Medicaid covers personal attention and aid for eligible frail aged or handicapped persons. Medicare covers skilled nursing, physical or speech therapy. Housing/Retirement Community: this is an enhanced service bundle and frequently includes more supportive or tutelary attention. A combination of both Medicare and Medicaid may be used to pay for this type of service. One organized method to make merely this is the Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly ( PACE ) . The thought is that for qualified persons, PACE merges Medicaid and Medicare funding into an incorporate system that enables a care-manager to apportion resources by demand. Pace must be seen for what it is, attention for ague and chronic conditions within a long-run attention bundle. Diagram 1 Diagram 2Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Unpublished Current Population Survey Data, Health Insurance Coverage Status by State, Table Hi-4.

Spirit of Love Review Essay Example

Spirit of Love Review Paper Essay on Spirit of Love On the shore of the bay Fowey, in Cornwall that lay dilapidated schooner Jane Slade, nose ornament which was the figure of a young woman. There, in the seaside town of descendants of Jane Slade, after which her first skipper and was named the ship, kept the old family correspondence. In the late 1920s, the history of the schooner and family, who owned it, interested Daphne du Maurier. This young lady could boast of several printed stories and the writers ambition who are referred to it by inheritance from his grandfather. But still I never undertook it for major works there was not a suitable topic or experience Finally, this schooner, and letters, and free wind Cornwall that Daphne has dedicated his life, united what to become. . her first novel The first novel by the founder of suspense in the literature, 24-year-old woman, perhaps, only recently has experienced first love and first disappointment he struck me more than all her other books. I felt imbued with them from the first page to the last. Syllable Daphne, her thoughts thoughts of my peers clear and close to me. That is exactly what it is about living in the blood of the spirit of love, I myself would like to tell you. We will write a custom essay sample on Spirit of Love Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Spirit of Love Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Spirit of Love Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer A little below the sea staring white figurehead, but not painted wooden figure with peeling of the paint time, and that, which was the particle itself Jennifer that whispered and screamed in the depths of her being, loving and infinitely wise one who knew that anxiety comes from the rebellious souls that imaginary solitude is a sign of heart awakening, insomnia -. consequence of unremitting instincts that dream a prelude to their the implementation of that fear it is a shudder spirit languishing for perfection, and that the cause of all this, as well as the sweet pain that had gripped the whole being Jennifer John, ran down to her from a high hill Spirit . It Love was published in 1931 in London the story of four generations of Kumba family, people in love with the sea, and his winning owned land. Through the powerful storms, delight and admiration, and call stirs the blood, through the voice of sea sirens, invisible to the eye, relentlessly calling these people covered in heather, brambles and primrose coast of Cornwall. One glance or a lifetime need to comprehend loyalty to his native shore, not important: never too late to go back to the source of his river. And the call of unrestrained love and the endless sea of ​​hugs and shore passes from generations gone to those who are only yet to come. Now it is understood that in the past far narrowness of views differed it was he, rather than the people around him and that, forgetting about yourself and watching peoples lives, he opened the inner source of happiness, which was his hitherto unknown . Daphne du Maurier with trepidation, became with hidden in the following novels weaves tenderness and despair, loyalty and disobedience, joy, sorrow with things in small and insignificant, superficial and pus tymi , know the true value of which can be returned to their own roots. And all of this no more and no less than the life of each, and only depends on the person, what he would prefer: the peaceful days or struggle with the elements There is no difference: one element anyway splash. seeker to the shore, which began its journey. In the end, only a step separates the former from the latter one step alienation or unbreakable bond of blood and spirit But the first leads to the same, single, purpose roads for many years longer than a simple step. from heart to heart, unlimited confusion and prejudice impulse, one movement, separating the beach from ever escaping the waves. for a minute, which would link the father and son close, indissoluble bonds, passed in vain, never to return, for now, Joseph and Christopher Kumba go apart, the wall will fall between them, which crush ie allow the pride of Joseph and the weakness of his sons Four Generations Kumba had to climb on Polmirsky hill to the ruins of the castle to a hundred years to discover this truth -. again and then, perhaps, again forget and begin the journey from the land to the sea and back -. from the start - One hundred years ago, there were two others, John, as now we stand we are the blood of their blood, the flesh of their flesh. . Perhaps, long ago, they were just as happy as we are now .

Globalization, Unemployment, and Recession Links

Globalization, Unemployment, and Recession Links A reader recently sent me this e-mail: It seems to me that we are now engaged in an economy that may look different from any we have experienced. The Globalization of the economy has created huge firm closures in America expecially in manufacturing and forced lower wages on those employed by this sector. Typically and historically manufacturing jobs have created higher wages in this country but now we see all the rules are changing. Do you believe globalization will bring new trends to the relationship between rececession/depression and firm closures? I believe it already has begun. - Before we begin, Id like to thank the e-mailer for her very thoughtful question! I dont think globalization will change the relationship between recessions and firm closures, since the relationship between the two was fairly weak to begin with. In Are recessions good for the economy? we saw that: We do not see great differences in firm closures between periods of high growth and periods of low growth. While 1995 was the beginning of a period of exceptional growth, almost 500,000 firms closed shop. The year 2001 saw almost no growth in the economy, but we only had 14% more business closures than in 1995 and fewer businesses filed for bankruptcy in 2001 than 1995. Competition between firms in periods of growth: During a period of high economic growth, some firms still perform better than others. Those high performing ones can often squeeze weaker performing ones out of the marketplace, causing firm closures. Structural changes: High economic growth is often caused by technological improvements. More powerful and useful computers can drive economic growth, but they also spell disaster for companies that manufacture or sell typewriters. Would 0% Unemployment Be a Good Thing? Cyclical Unemployment is defined as occuring when the unemployment rate moves in the opposite direction as the GDP growth rate. So when GDP growth is small (or negative) unemployment is high. When the economy goes into recession and workers are laid off, we have cyclical unemployment. Frictional Unemployment: The Economics Glossary defines frictional unemployment as unemployment that comes from people moving between jobs, careers, and locations. If a person quits his job as an economics researcher to try and find a job in the music industry, we would consider this to be frictional unemployment. Structural Unemployment: The glossary defines structural unemployment as unemployment that comes from there being an absence of demand for the workers that are available. Structural unemployment is often due to technological change. If the introduction of DVD players cause the sales of VCRs to plummet, many of the people who manufacture VCRs will suddenly be out of work. Thats my take on the question - Id love to hear yours! You can contact me by using the feedback form.

Crime Reduction Efforts in the US Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Crime Reduction Efforts in the US - Assignment Example In the consensus perspective of criminal justice, the "organizations of a criminal justice system must work cooperatively to establish justice, not competitively" ("Consensus Model (criminal justice)", n.d.). However, goodness is a multi-dimensional relative concept, and people always have different and opposing interests that may cause position or role conflicts, so achieving this goal may be impossible in practical cases. Having one consistent system means that it may only be one-sided and only favors one particular group in society. On the other hand, in the conflict perspective, the "organizations of a criminal justice system must work competitively to establish justice, not cooperatively" because conflicts are inevitable. A society is consistently subjected to a process of constant change, which produces social conflicts. Moreover, changes in customs, political ideals, and economic conditions may cause the criminal justice system to contradict itself. So this advocates the natural role of a dialectic process ("Conflict model (criminal justice)", n.d.). For me, a "true" system cannot be simply defined. Maintaining social control, enforcing laws, defining rights, and administering justice is a dynamic process because requires inspecting and updating each aspect of a justice system periodically, as aspects of culture constantly change (e.g., human social relationships, traditions, norms, the difference between ‘what is’ and ‘what should be’ and other concepts).   Considering the relativity of goodness, establishing one law that can tackle all is impossible, and the situation must be treated in a case-to-case basis (â€Å"Creating a New Criminal Justice System for the 21st Century†, 2000).   Moreover, weighing means and ends or costs and benefits before arriving at a rational choice is a subjective process, so there is no perfect system that would fit everyone.   Considering the complexity of reality (e.g., differences in social classes, ongoing issues on ethics) but with an attempt to advocate f airness, only a certain level of standardization can be established, but the standards must be consistently updated (â€Å"Creating a New Criminal Justice System for the 21st Century†, 2000).  

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 140

Essay Example It fills the gap by giving a set of frameworks that outlines how to execute strategy mapping in a systematic and practical format. Strategy maps serve as a reference to the four primary interest groups. Many companies are searching for directions and guidance that will allow them implements their own scorecards and maps (Armitage & Scholey, 2003, p. 76). The business world is faced with calamities in strategy from but not because the managers cannot come up with useful strategies but because there is a deficiency in the execution of this strategy. Research shows that seventy percent of the strategy failures arise due to poor performance but not because of poor vision or lack of smarts. Strategy maps refer to diagrams that are used to document the primary strategic goals followed by a management team or organization. Strategy maps are essential elements of the documentation related to the balanced scorecard. Additionally it is a feature of the second generation of balanced scorecard models that initially started in the mid-1990s (Armitage, 2004, p. 104). The initial diagrams were used early 1990s, and Drs discussed the concept of using this map in Balanced Scorecard. Robert Kaplan with David Norton. Strategy map gives out the visual guidelines for integrating a company’s objectives in the four perceptions of a Balanced Scoreca rd. It represents the cause and effect relationships that connect specific abilities in human, organization capital and information with desired outcomes in financial and customer perspective (Scholey & Arnitage, 2004, p. 569). It is worth mentioning that Norton and Kaplan based their work on Michael Porter’s expression of strategy. They chose a set of activities that a company would prosper to create a sustainable difference in the market, and therefore creating a lasting value for the shareholders. Arrows on strategy map indicate cause and effect of a period, and each of this perspective is scrutinized in more detail giving

Management week 8 Dis Board Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Management week 8 Dis Board - Article Example en a team or a group of people need to move towards a specific direction, feedback can be used to help determine the required changes so as to enhance performance. Thirdly, positive feedback helps in developing the required skills to succeed in a given task by creating good understanding. Finally, when positive feedback is given, it goes a long way showing others that they are valued. This way, they will see the need to continue performing optimally or make the required changes that will enhance their performance. Positive motivation has helped me in several work situations. One of such situations was when I was working on a report on the new changes that were required to make the team in my area of work to improve its output and productivity. Having spent a lot of time doing the draft, I kept doubting if it would be accepted. Hiver, after presenting the initial report and getting positive feedback that I was in the right track, I was very motivated. I went ahead to come up with a very concrete and good final

The Southern Pride Of The Civil War English Literature Essay

The Southern Pride Of The Civil War English Literature Essay The Civil War was from 1861-1865. The outcome of the war and the war itself impacted not only the people of that era, but also American literature. Authors infused the ways of the northern and southern people into their works like a baker folding food coloring into batter to make a delicious confetti cake. For example, in A Rose for Emily by William Faulkner, Faulkner writes and now miss Emily had gone to join the represtatives of those august names where they lay in the cedar-bunds cemetery among the ranked and anonymous graves of the union and confederate soldiers who fell at the battle of Jefferson.(89). In Faulkners short story the aftermath of the historical event, the civil war, is seen in the symbolism he uses throughout the short story, his character Emily, and his view of the south. In A Rose for Emily symbolism is used to show the effects of the civil war on the south and to lay a deeper meaning in the short story. At the beginning of this story the house is old, worn down, and out of style. It is described to have once been white, decorated with cupolas and spires and scrolled balconies in the lightsome style of  the seventies.(Faulkner 89). The house can symbolize the fall of the old south and the fallout of southern traditions since the civil war. The house also symbolizes the break down of miss Emily emotionally and physically over the years. Back when Emilys father died the house was still in good condition and kept up with, Emily also kept up with herself. She was young and considered a proper southern belle. When miss Emily dies she is old and her hair has turned gray. Just as Emily is stubborn so is the house. She refused to accept the modern ideas, when the town got free postal delivery miss Emily alone refused to let them fasten the metal numbers ab ove her door and attach a mailbox to it.(Faulkner 93), as it seems the house rejected updating with the new advances. A couple symbols to tell that time was passing are Miss Emilys pocket watch and her hair. The pocket watch is only mentioned once in the story. It was when the Board of Aldermen went to her house to collect taxes. They were in the living room and after the board was done talking, then thru could hear the invisible watch ticking at the end of the gold chain.(Faulkner 90). The ticking is a sign that time never stops and that southern ideals are changing. Emilys hair turned gray over the years, when we next saw muss Emily, she had grown hatband her hair was turning gray. During the next few years it grew grayer and grayer until it creased turning.(Faulkner 93). This showed time passing by. Homer Barron in this short story symbolizes a rat and the north. Homer symbolizes a rat to Emily when she found out he was not a marrying man(Faulkner 92). He most likely wouldnt hav e kept a promise to marry her so to Emily arsenic was a good choice of poison to kill him with. The druggist wrote a note of the box of arsenic For rats!'(Faulkner 92). Homer also symbolizes the north because he is from the north and has northern ideals. He portrays the northern ideals moving into the south. A rose from the title a rose for Emily symbolizes preservation. Homer is the rose when Emily kills him and keeps him in her room. The room has valance curtains of faded rose color, upon the rose-shaded lights(Faulkner 94), which is the perfect place to preserve a body. Emily preserved him like a rose to make him last. The rose is preservation of southern ideals as well. Also the rose is a remembrance of death. A lot of death occurred throughout this short story. The rose could also symbolize silence. With homer representing the north and a rose as silence, homers death is a way that Emily silenced the north or change in her life. Miss Emily symbolizes the old south. Emilys fathe r raised her on the southern ways, alive, miss Emily had been a tradition, a duty, and a card; a sort of heredity obligation upon the town, dating from that day in 1894(Faulkner 90). She was traditional, as in not paying taxes, like most southern people are. Death symbolizes Emilys life. She was alive but not really living the life she had. In a way she is death as in the grim reaper. Her father dies in her presence and she kills homer Barron. Emily herself dies in this short story, thus symbolizing the death of the old south. Faulkner uses symbolism in a rose fir Emily to help portray what kind of character Emily is. Faulkners character Emily is affected by the civil wars outcome. Emilys father settled in Jefferson, Mississippi after the war. Her father instilled strong southern beliefs into Emily. An effect of this is that Emily is stubborn and unwilling to change. Her refusal to pay taxes makes her more than just a stubborn town eccentric.(Smith 3). Miss Emily refused to conform to the ideals of the town when she wouldnt let the people put numbers on her house. Proof of Emily having southern beliefs is that her servant is black, a few of the ladies had the temerity to call, but were not received, and the only sign of life about the place was the Negro man -a young man then- going in and out with a market basket.(Faulkner 91). The black servant refers back to when slaves where allowed in the south. Miss Emilys father had repressed Emily from suitors,Mr. Grierson was a strict man who demanded high standards from hid daughter.(Black 4). The lacks of interaction with people lead her to have, the in ability to feel or demonstrate appropriate affect, or emotion, that is congruent to a particular situation.(Smith 2). Always being under her fathers control leads her to deny her fathers death. With her newly found freedom she cut off her hair as a sign of breaking away from her fathers control.(Fatima 3). Homer Barron started off as a fling; then became an obsession for Emily. The male presence was needed for her to function properly; homer was merely filling a vacancy(Bernardo 1). Emilys obsession over him made her never want to let him go. The fact that homer wasnt the marrying type pushed Emily over the edge to kill him, so she wouldnt ever have to let him go and keep him forever in her presence. Miss Emilys father presses southern ideals into Emily, which had a bad effect on her. Faulkner expresses the civil war affects through Emily. Emily is also a good expression on his views of the south. Faulkners vision of the south is seen through symbolism, the character of Emily and the events that take place in the short story. Homer represents the north. The north is inviting itself into the south and pushing away traditions that have been carried on for decades with the power the civil war has given it. When homer was supposively courting with miss Emily the town was appalled, at first we were glad that miss Emily would have an interest, because the ladies all said, of course a Grierson would not think seriously of a Northerner, a day laborer. (Faulkner 92). As the story goes on the south, represented by Emily, wins the battle. This is when she poisoned homer in fear of him leaving her. The town thinks that Emily has ran homer off, but instead she has killed him so she can keep him for herself. Emily silenced homer, thus preserving the integrity of the old southern ways. Faulkner has given the south a win in his short story since in the civil war the south lost to the north. A s the story unravels, in time so does Emily and the house. They both grow old and weathered. The southern ideals are dwindling away also as time goes on. Even though most of the south has forgotten Emily hasnt. She is the rose of preservation for southern ideals, traditions, and way of living. When Emily dies it means that all recollection of the old south is gone along with her. In William Faulkners A Rose for Emily, Faulkner wrote, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦-some in their brushed Confederate uniforms-à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦(Faulkner 94). This was describing some veterans at Emilys funeral. IN this short story symbolism, the character Emily, and the view of the south show the consequences of the north winning in the Civil War. In American literature the Civil War shaped the works of many authors around that time era. Bernardo, Karen. William Faulkners A Rose for Emily'. 5/5/2010. Blank, Amanda. Short Story Reviews: A Rose for Emily, by William Faulkner. 5/5/2010. . Fatima. A Rose for Emily. 5/5/2010. Faulkner, William. A Rose for Emily. Trans. Thomas Gould. Literature: An Introduction to Reading and Writing. Ed. Edgar Roberts. New York: Longman, 2009. Print. Smith, Nicole. Psychological Character Analysis of Emily in A Rose for Emily by William Faulkner. 5/52010.

Essay --

Electrical stimulation (ES) therapy involves the transfer of electrical current across wound tissue through the two electrodes and uses three types of currents: AC, DC and Pulse DC. According to various studies, electrical stimulation therapy has shown to reduce inflammation, edema, improve wound appearance, cause a faster reduction in wound size by helping to kick start the wound healing process and is cost effective for many patients. It has generated a positive impact on patient’s comfort and convenience. Electrical stimulation therapy has provided numerous beneficial effects in wound healing demonstrated by various studies, however; further research trials are needed in order to prove the effectiveness and benefits of electrical stimulation therapy as it relates to wound healing (Cutting, 2006). Background: The clinical application of ES can be dated as far back as 1812 when Hartshorne used electricity to promote bone healing in a patient suffering a tibial nonunion, later described in an 1841 publication (Wienke & Dayton, 2011). Research stayed in focus with bone stimulation via ES therapy for many years leading to the US Food and Drug Administration approved labeling electromagnetic devices for treatment of nonunion and delayed union fractures. ES therapy in chronic wound healing became a major research trend in the mid 1960s with a multitude of successful clinical trials to follow (Isseroff & Dahle, 2012). Eventually ES use in treating chronic soft tissue wounds became widely accepted and in 2002 the Centers of Medicare and Medicaid Services approved ES treatment in a clinical setting for certain types of chronic wounds and pressure ulcers. Until 2003, research focus stayed with ES therapy on pressure ulcers but later ... ...rocess and is cost effective for many patients. It has also generated a positive impact on patient’s comfort and convenience. Yet still, the selection of an optimal modality remains amongst the scientific and medical communities. Further research and clinical trials to support these positive effects on wound healing may help generate that consensus and help ES therapy gain full support in the US. In reviewing the above studies the evidence of the numerous beneficial effects ES therapy has are clear, however, the evidence that the lack of consensus on standardization of parameters to devise systematic protocols for its use and the lack of uniformity in reports on ES dosages, application modes and waveforms is also clear. Further research trials are needed in order to prove the effectiveness and benefits of electrical stimulation therapy as it relates to wound healing

Socioeconomic Status Ses Health And Social Care Essay

Socioeconomic position ( SES ) has been studied and proven to hold a direct consequence on general wellness and well-being but what consequence does SES hold on mental wellness? The effects of SES on mental wellness results were outlined in subdivisions of a survey called Socioeconomic Status and Health: The Challenge of the Gradient ( SESSH ) . The SESSH survey states â€Å" Persons higher in the societal hierarchy typically enjoy better wellness than do those below ( Alder et. al 1994 ) , this includes mental wellness and it ‘s all of its related diseases. Several other surveies such as the Childhood Socioeconomic Status Is Associated with Psychosocial Resources in African Americans: The Pittsburgh Healthy Heart Project ( Beatty et. al 2011 ) , conducted by the University of Pittsburg aid to confirm the findings from the SESSH survey done several old ages before. One of the major effects of lower SES position on mental wellness is the deficiency of entree to mental wellness attention. Whether urban or rural the hapless have more trouble in deriving entree to decently trained medical forces and installations to cover with the jobs sing the mental wellness ( Grembowski et. al 2002 ) . The paper, Rural Communities Suffer Poor Mental Health Care ( Association of Schools of Public Health 1974 ) highlights some of the issues unique to the rural hapless in America and the mental wellness issues that surround the community. The current research shows that SES plays a major function in the mental wellness of patients. Major emphasis factors from the effects of lower SES get down to take its toll on the mental wellness of persons populating in high poorness countries ( Leventhal et. al 2003 ) . In the survey Socioeconomic Status and Health: The Challenge of the Gradient it states the â€Å" Socioeconomic position is related to both major depression and depressive symptoms † ( Alder et. al 1994 ) and to an addition of ill will and anti-social activity and suicidal behaviours. ( Alder et. al 1994 ) . SES besides leads to an addition in psychological emphasis that can finally trip greater perceptual experiences of emphasis and negative emotion. These perceptual experiences are known to change neuroendocrine response and assorted other physiological alterations ( Alder et. al 1994 ) . The deficiency of entree to proper mental wellness attention is a major factor in the long term wellness results of tho se in lower SES groups ( Grembowski et. al 2002 ) . Further back uping the survey Socioeconomic Status and Health: The Challenge of the Gradient, the survey Childhood Socioeconomic Status Is Associated with Psychosocial Resources in African Americans, shows that SES is non merely a factor in finding mental wellness but besides has an consequence on the ability to entree the household and community support in early childhood might hold played a possible mitigating factor ( Beatty et. al 2011 ) . The survey shows, that in African American topics, the intercession of positive household and community involvement early in childhood could positively impact subsequently psychological wellness but that lower SES general prohibits the positive household and community support demand to antagonize the degrees of emphasis and hapless self-perception in lower SES persons ( Beatty et. al 2011 ) . The article, Traveling to Opportunity: an Experimental Study of Neighborhood Effects on Mental Health, farther address the thoughts that community and poo rness, cardinal facets of SES, have on mental wellness results ( Leventhal et. al 2003 ) . Families that moved from lower SES position vicinities to higher 1s had a lessening in the presence and badness of depression and other psychological issues ( Leventhal et. al 2003 ) . The articles, through the usage of studies and long term patient surveies, are able to demo the direct effects of lower SES on psychological wellness. The information shows that long term exposure to the emphasis of lower SES leads to several types of psychological upset including depression, feelings of lower dignity and assorted other clinical issues including terrible alcohol addiction and drug dependence ( Alder et. al 1994 ) . The surveies did an first-class occupation of showcasing the issues affect lower SES groups but could hold been more convincing in their methodological analysiss. The information from the research validates the fact of lower SES straight affect psychological wellness but fail to take into history several variables which would let for incredulity. Each of the articles fails to turn to whether the psychological issues are straight linked to lower SES from the deficiency of instruction of approximately positive life style picks and deficiency of instruction a bout entree to wellness attention, is the higher incidents of mental unwellness merely because the hapless have less instruction on healthy life styles and how to seek intervention. The consequences could be strengthened by utilizing greater cross subdivisions of the lower SES communities, over longer periods of clip and supplying basic instruction on how to entree intervention to see if mental wellness issues are genuinely related to SES or if there are other factors that contribute. With the exclusion of Traveling to Opportunity: an Experimental Study of Neighborhood Effects on Mental Health, none of the surveies attempted to see if the conditions were reversible by taking the topics form the lower SES environment. If remotion of the topic from the environment produces clear positive consequences in a big survey group you could more easy find that SES is a clear factor in the patients ‘ wellness.

habeus corpus essays

habeus corpus essays A Confederate Soldier, on leave from war, was captured, imprisoned and denied any right to a trial. Though summoned by the Chief of Justice of the United States of America, John Merryman, by right of Habeas Corpus was denied a trial (Britannia Sec.1). In 1679 the incorporation of Habeas Corpus was granted to all citizens, authorizing judges to review a court case for all imprisoned perpetrators. At the outbreak of the Civil War President Abraham Lincoln repealed the original writ of Habeas Corpus and suspended the right stating that it could be revoked in a case of rebellion or invasion if the public safety may require it(Britannia sec.1). Through years of examining the United States government in school, I never fully understood the proceedings and the rights to a fair trial. After reading Habeas Corpus, an article reviewing the changes of the writ, I realized what might seem fair and honest never truly is. This article stunned and intrigued me. I was able to connect Lincolns alter ation of this writ to that by President Roosevelt and in 1996 by President Bill Clinton (A.PA9). William Rehnquist, author of, All Lies But One, believes that Abraham Lincoln had an obligation to suspend the right of Habeas Corpus in 1861 at the offset of the Civil War, as did Franklin D. Roosevelt during World War II. I would have agreed with his [Lincoln] view as to suspending the writ of habeas corpus, I think, because that seemed to be a real threat to the union(Gergen 3). I both agree and disagree with Rehnquists statements and beliefs. Abraham Lincoln and Roosevelt had justifiable motives for suspending the law, but should have submitted the proposition to congress for final authorization. I believe President Bill Clinton enacted to same proposition, but altered the formality of it. The Death Penalty and Public Safety Act of 1996 was proposed by the congress and finalized by the president after...

The Role of the Plaza in Maya Festivals

The Role of the Plaza in Maya Festivals Like many pre-modern societies, the Classic period Maya (AD 250-900 AD) used ritual and ceremony performed by the rulers or elites to appease gods, repeat historical events, and prepare for the future. But not all ceremonies were secret rituals; in fact, many were public rituals, theatrical performances and dances played in public arenas to unite communities and express political power relationships. Recent investigations of public ceremonialism by University of Arizona archaeologist Takeshi Inomata reveal the importance of these public rituals, both in the architectural changes made in the Maya cities to accommodate the performances  and in the political structure which developed alongside the festival calendar. Mayan Civilization The Maya is a name given to a group of loosely associated but generally autonomous city-states, each led by a divine ruler. These small states were spread throughout the Yucatn peninsula, along the gulf coast, and into the highlands of Guatemala, Belize, and Honduras. Like small city centers anywhere, the Maya centers were supported by a network of farmers who lived outside the cities but were held by allegiances to the centers. At sites such as Calakmul, Copn, Bonampak, Uaxactun, Chichen Itza, Uxmal, Caracol, Tikal, and Aguateca, festivals took place within the public view, bringing together the city residents and the farmers and reinforcing those allegiances. Festivals of the Maya Many of the Mayan festivals continued to be held into the Spanish colonial period, and some of the Spanish chroniclers such as Bishop Landa described festivals well into the 16th century. Three types of performances are cited in the Maya language: dance (okot), theatrical presentations (baldzamil) and illusionism (ezyah). Dances followed a calendar  and ranged from performances with humor and tricks to dances in preparation for war and dances mimicking (and sometimes including) sacrificial events. During the colonial period, thousands of people came from all around northern Yucatn to see and participate in the dances. Music was provided by rattles; small bells of copper, gold and clay; tinklers of shell or small stones. A vertical drum called the pax or zacatan was made of a hollowed tree trunk and covered with an animal skin; another u- or h-shaped drum was called the tunkul. Trumpets of wood, gourd, or conch shell, and clay flutes, reed pipes and whistles were also used. Elaborate costumes were part of the dances as well. Shell, feathers, backracks, headdresses, body plates transformed the dancers into historical figures, animals, and gods or other-worldly creatures. Some dances lasted all day, with food and drink brought to the participants who kept dancing. Historically, preparations for such dances were substantial, some rehearsal periods lasting for two or three months, organized by an officer known as a holpop. The holpop was a community leader, who set the key for the music, taught others and played an important role in festivals throughout the year. Audiences at Mayan Festivals In addition to Colonial period reports, murals, codices, and vases illustrating royal visits, court banquets, and preparations for dances have been the focus for archaeologists to understand the public ritual which predominated the classic period Maya. But in recent years, Takeshi Inomata has turned the study of ceremonialism at Maya centers on its head-considering not the performers or the performance but rather the audience for the theatrical productions. Where did these performances take place, what architectural properties were constructed to accommodate the audiences, what was the meaning of the performance for the audience? Inomatas study involves a closer look at a somewhat less-considered piece of monumental architecture at classic Maya sites: the plaza. Plazas are big open spaces, surrounded by temples or other important buildings, framed by steps, entered via causeways and elaborate doorways. Plazas in Maya sites have thrones and special platforms where performers acted, and stelae-rectangular stone statues such as those at Copn-representing past ceremonial activity are also found there. Plazas and Spectacles Plazas at Uxmal and Chichà ©n Itz include low square platforms; evidence has been found in the Great Plaza at Tikal for the construction of temporary scaffoldings. Lintels at Tikal illustrate rulers and other elites being carried on a palanquina platform on which a ruler sat on a throne and was carried by bearers. Wide stairways at plazas were used as stages for the presentations and dances. The plazas held thousands of people; Inomata reckons that for the smaller communities, nearly the entire population could be present at once in the central plaza. But at sites such as Tikal and Caracol, where over 50,000 people lived, the central plazas could not hold so many people. The history of these cities as traced by Inomata suggests that as the cities grew, their rulers made accommodations for the growing populations, tearing down buildings, commissioning new structures, adding causeways and building plazas exterior to the central city. These embellishments indicate what a crucial part performance for the audience was for the loosely structured Maya communities. While carnivals and festivals are known today throughout the world, their importance in defining the character and community of governmental centers is less considered. As the focal point for gathering people together, to celebrate, prepare for war, or watch sacrifices, the Maya spectacle created a cohesion that was necessary for the ruler and common people alike. Sources To get a look at what Inomata is talking about, Ive assembled a photo essay called Spectacles and Spectators: Maya Festivals and Maya Plazas, which illustrates some of the public spaces created by the Maya for this purpose. Dilberos, Sophia Pincemin. 2001. Music, dance, theater, and poetry. pp 504-508 in Archaeology of Ancient Mexico and Central America, S.T. Evans and D.L. Webster, eds. Garland Publishing, Inc., New York. Inomata, Takeshi. 2006. Politics and theatricality in Mayan society. Pp 187-221 in Archaeology of Performance: Theaters of Power, Community and Politics, T. Inomata and L.S. Coben, eds. Altamira Press, Walnut Creek, California. Inomata, Takeshi. 2006. Plazas, performers and spectators: Political theaters of the Classic Maya. Current Anthropology 47(5):805-842

America's Age of Imperialism Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

America's Age of Imperialism - Assignment Example This policy was for their benefit. The Philippines –American war happened after American shoot down in the Spanish –American war of 1898, Spain surrendered its longstanding colony of Philippines to the united states in the treaty of paris.it reached a time when the US forces were serious in rejecting on enforcing American colonial control over issues such as islands, the first collides as an â€Å"insurrection† instead than accept the Filipinosargument that they were fighting to guard off any strange intruder. The solutions to these issues came when the United States started in the Philippines in 1900 leader being a future president William Howard Taft started a pacification movement that became popular as policy of attraction. This policy was designed to preside over the main elites and other Filipinos included who did not embrace Aguinaldo’s plans for the philipines,this policy allowed a kind of freedom of self-governance, started reforms for economic progress and in addition some social reforms. America opened Panama Canal which joined the two big oceans. This acted as a sign that America had emerged as a global power. America also wanted an easier route to their colonies. This was made possible by Bunau-Varilla who negotiated the Hay-Bunau-Varilla treaty of 1903 which provided the US with a 10 mile piece of land which they built a canal .they did this through payment of 10$million and paid to Panama. Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe doctrine was a policy by President Theodore Roosevelt self-assertive to Latin America approach. The army was the most influential in this period because it had full training on how tackle any war that

IT & Entrepreneurship (A) Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

IT & Entrepreneurship (A) - Coursework Example Workers have developed frequent absenteeism behavior whose impact has negatively affected business returns. Further, the management has witnessed massive customer complains on matters related to over-speeding and use of abusive language by drivers as well as other Company employees. Owing to the gravity of these problems, I opted to develop a business intelligence system that will track the entire business operations and send reports to the human resource department for action. The design was made by creating a link through which company workers would sign in whenever they report to work. I thought this would help monitor and curb late coming especially on the part of drivers. In order to manage the problem on work ethics among the drivers, I developed an intelligence tracking system to monitor over speeding and use of abusive language. The tracking system was fixed onto all vehicles in order to ensure that all conversations taking place inside the car is recorded and easily retrieve d whenever it was required. The data collected was useful in gathering and analyzing data that would be useful in undertaking major business decisions. I thought this was going to assist the executive make informed business decisions and better the company’s financial returns while enhancing sound behavior among its workforce. In order to store vital information that would guide decision making in future, I modified the system that would be in position to store knowledgeable information. This would help the management make reference should a similar problem arise in future. It was important for the developed system to keep and manage important information concerning daily business operations. This was particularly important in keeping information about potential competitors, customer problems, probable partners and internal business operations that would ensure effective decision making for improved returns. The system was designed in a manner that will integrate data about s trategies that might be taken by business competitors from which such decisions will be utilized to curb stiff competition will be made. Throughout the design process I made sure the system was able to incorporate upcoming technological innovations in order to remain updated all through. It also had the ability to not only gather the information but make good use of it. This was possible because the system could sift large volumes of data and process what was relevant translating it into useful information and knowledge from which pertinent actions could be carried based on the analysis. I made sure that this vital web based information resource combine the available resources under the disposal of Hope Taxi Company was utilized to give the company the best returns possible. Information collected throughout the journey could be collected and utilized immediately a complaint was launched by a customer. This fastened up cases involving abusive drivers as well as those who were fond of over-speeding while passengers were on transit. I was in a position to monitor the functionality and content of data collected more frequently whenever an alert showed up. The business intelligence system that I created resulted into operative excellence because it enhanced the efficiency and effectiveness of business operations. In addition, the design enabled business flexibility to change by collecting and

Experiemental Psychology Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Experiemental Psychology - Lab Report Example itled, Function of the left planum temporale in auditory and linguistic processing, researchers attempted to determine the extent to which processes affecting the left planum temporale are restricted to linguistic utterances, or can be extended to sound forms of right-handed individuals. The study indicated that varying degrees of sensory activation occurred in the planum temporale dependent upon the listener’s active engagement with the process, with the planum temporale being more active to tones when the listener was actively engaged. This is significant for the current study, as it indicates the level and type of word engagement affects the ultimate results regarding word recognition. When considering the implications, one could argue that the individual features of the study contributed to the results not being statistically significant. A possible example includes the uneven gender of the participants, as it’s possible that gender differences affect word recognition to differing degrees. Another reason is that the participants were all Junior level Psychology Students at Purchase. It’s possible that by limiting the study to this demographic, the results of the study were skewed. Another example concerns the difficulty of the word lists used in the study. Past studies have indicated that the right ear advantage was most consistently gained when the study was complex. For instance, in a 1974 study titled Right Ear Advantage for Speech Presented Monaurally D.B. Fry discusses results that indicate right ear advantage was only triggered when a threshold level of complexity was passed. He writes: †¦in a series of experiments with children in the age range 6-12 years†¦the speech materials used was series of digits or series of letter names and the measure of ear asymmetry used was correct recall of the series. While there was a trend towards REA (right ear advantage) for speech in the older children, the effect reached level of significance only for the

Retail Management Essay Example for Free

Retail Management Essay What can an independent retailer learn from this case? An independent retailer can pull several insights from this reading. First and foremost the market is becoming severely competitive which means that independent retailers will have to adapt to the environment. Adaptations such as; benchmarking other retailers, pinpointing customer needs wants, developing a long-term strategy for adaptation are to be made. It is imperative that retailers find ways to draw-in and maintain customers by changing with the market. Soft line specialty stores have found that the recent economic downturn has hurt the industry and in turn created intense competition for retailers to find new ways to get more sales from existing customers. Some good ideas for retailers to consider after reading this case are, repositioning old images, continuing to target the youth market, and creating a life cycle of retailing whereas, when a customer outgrows a particular brand, you have another brand for the consumer to grow into. There are also many ways that our ever-advancing technology can be incorporated into retailing to aid companies in increasing revenues.

A Letter From Prison Accounting Essay

A Letter From Prison Accounting Essay Computer Associates International, Inc. (CA) is a software company which sells software products for business. In the case, according to the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, revenues for the software licensing should be recognized once a contract was signed, the software was delivered, and payment was reasonably assured. In Computer Associates, when the revenue recognition principles were met, it recognized the whole value of the licensing revenues quarterly. However, from the fourth quarter of the fiscal year 1988 to the second quarter of the fiscal year 2001, Computer Associates has backdated some contracts and allows it accountants to record these contracts in the present financial statements. In accordance with the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, these contracts should be recognized in the next quarter. The future revenues which have recorded in the present financial statements lead to the higher profits and return on investments currently. What Computer Associ ates does is in the violation of the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. What Computer Associates haves done is a kind of ethical elitism and ethical parochialism. Ethical elitism means that it is significant to maximize the interest of the top stratum or the elite no matter what to scarify and the ethical parochialism refers to that it is important to protect the interests of the individuals in-group. The executives of Computer Associates take their effort to recognize the revenues against the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in order to protect the reputation of the company and meet the analysts estimation and make the investors confident to the company. However, the investors and shareholders cannot make a good decision by using the improper financial statements. In the case, as the former senior manager of the Computer Associates, Richards try to defense against the crime which makes him in jail. Richards considers that Computer Associates lacks of the information to justify whether the accounting operation in Computer Associates is legal or not. As to him, it is not a big deal for doing this and it is just a timing issue in the revenue recognition. Nevertheless, the revenue recognition in Computer Associates is against the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. Computer Associates recorded the future revenue in the current financial statements to make the company seems to be profitable. The main function of the financial statements is to show how the company operates and offer the information about the company to the managers and investors. The financial statements are the tools in helping the managers and investors to make the decision. Computer Associates cloud the investors and shareholders about its accurate sales revenues within the current quarter. By using the inaccurate financial statements, strategies and investment are made incorrectly. From the Exhibit 4 in the case, the percentages that properly recorded revenue was inflated by improperly accelerated revenue in every quarter from 2000 to 20001 were all above 10%. Moreover, there are large differences between the announced EPS and EPS without improperly recognized revenue in every quarter from 2000 to 2001. The announced EPS were much higher than the EPS without improperly recognized revenue. Comparing to the analyst EPS estimated, Computer Associates cannot reach the analyst EPS estimated without improperly recognized revenue which is mentioned before. In order to make the financial statements more profitable, Computer Associates use the improper recognized revenue method to make the company seem more profitable. It is unethical for Computer Associates to use allowed accounting flexibility for its revenue recognition. What is accounting flexibility? Accounting flexibility refers to the process that the accountants use their knowledge of accounting rules and standards to manipulate the figures in the financial statement in order to meet some specific purposes. It is about the transformation of the figures in the financial reports from actual figures to the figure which were needed by the preparers, by taking the advantages of the accounting rules and standards. (Naser, 1993). It can help the management to manage the reported figures to be higher or lower. Examples of accounting standards which can use accounting flexibility are as follow: The revaluation of the assets. While in estimation of the assets current value through the depreciation, the estimations are usually made inside the business. It is subjective for the company to estimate the value of the assets. The management has the opportunity to estimate the value on the side of caution or optimism. When doing the estimation in the value of the assets, it refers to the change of the assets, depreciation expenses and the impairment losses. Therefore, the measurement of the assets and income change. The fair value recognition of the plan asset. According to IASB, fair value is defined as the market-based value. It means that the fair value of the plan asset is on the basis of the market transaction. it can be manipulated. When changing the fair value of the plan asset, changes will be recorded in the financial statements. Q2. Richards mentions how difficult it is to operate in the grey areas of accounting and indicated that he might have benefitted from more guidance from senior management. Critically indicate who in a listed firm is responsible for the content of the final accounting reports. Corporate governance is the processes, structures and information which use for coordinating the relations in the management of the corporation. It guarantees the efficiency and the accountability for the mechanism in the corporation to protect the interests of the shareholders. Good corporate governance can help the company to create good corporation culture. The corporation culture creates through the process of the management practices and values which directly come from corporate governance. As in the company, the responsibilities of the major office holders are as follow: Implementing the strategy of the company to make the company operation in the healthy way. Advising the board about the structures of the company and making sure the quality and the quantity of the staff in the company. Providing the accurate information about the company to the board and making the proper prediction for the company. Preparing the accurate financial statements within the Generally Gccepted Accounting Principles In the company, the management should take the responsibility for the accounting reports which is in accordance with the IFRS adopted in Australia. The management should make sure the financial statements are fairly present the financial position and performances of the company. In addition, management must guarantee the financial statements with the accounting standards and prevent them to being fraud. In IFRS 8, management must consider that the most recent pronouncements of other standard setting bodies that use a similar conceptual framework to develop accounting standards, other accounting literature and accepted industry practices. Even though accountants prepare the financial statements in company, the management determines in what ways the financial position illustrate and whether make changes in the financial statements. In conclusion, the management is responsible for the content of the final accounting reports. In Computer Associates case, as a senior manager, Richards did not take his responsibilities to correct the manipulation of the revenues in the financial statements and applied to the sales-driven culture in Computer Associates. He paid more attention to the sales and the revenues in the company. Therefore, with the support of the management included Richards, the improper revenue recognition method was implemented in the company. As for me, possible alternatives can be taken as follow: Changing the accounting policies. The company can use the legal way to manipulate the revenues. For instance, Computer Associates can change the depreciation calculation and change the allocation of the research and development expenses within the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles to reduce the expenses so that the profits can be higher. Changing the time of the transactions. It is helpful for delaying the expenses and the anticipation of the income, which will avoid fighting against the law and the accounting standard. Changing the terms of manipulation. Within Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, some other terms relative to the profits of the company can be manipulated in legal ways. For example, the calculation of the doubtful debts and allowance for uncollectible accounts. Changing the closing date policy of the sales target. As it is mentioned in the case, the customers use delaying tactics to negotiate with Computer Associates to get the better deal. Large proportions of the contract are booked in the final week of the quarter. That makes Computer Associates hard to recognize these contract in the current period and it makes Computer Associates to backdate the contracts. Changing the closing date policy of the sales target is helpful. Computer Associates can short the period for the sales target. For example, it can be closed monthly so that the contracts can be recognized in time. Q3. Consider managements incentives and choices in their actions. What are Computer Associates motivations to manage earnings and the financial ratios as represented in the accounting statements? Internal motivations As Richards mentions in the letter, the company culture in the Computer Associates is a sales-driven culture. It means that the more you sell, the more commissions you can get. The culture leads the company to be aggressive in operation. The goal of the company is to make profit as it can so that it can maximize the shareholders benefits. In addition, the compensations of the executives are on the basis of the sales. The executives would have high compensations when sales associates have reached the goals. According to a study of Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1983 by Healy, there is a high possibility for choosing and changing accounting procedures in a sales-driven culture with bonus schemes. It is easily to manipulate the accounting figures to maximize the bonus awards. The study also that it is high incidence of voluntary changes in accounting operations in years following the adoption or modification of the bonus reward plan. In Computer Associates, it is so attractive to get the high quantity of compensations by manipulated the revenues. What is more, in Computer Associates, performance in business is a vital criterion. Non-performance is not acceptable in the business. Performance in non-revenue areas should be paid less attentions. In order to perform well, it is reasonable for Computer Associates to manipulate the improper revenue. External motivations The main reason for Computer Associates to manipulate the revenues is to meet the expectations of the market. According to the study of Kasznik and McNichols, the consequences of not meeting the expectations lead to lower future earnings, lower share price, lower market premium and penalization of the markets. Therefore, for Computer Associates, the motivations in order to meet the expectations can be concluded as follows: Future earnings. It is about the stakeholders. The Computer Associates needs to enhance its reputation in their stakeholders, such as distributors and customers. High earnings in the financial reports make the stakeholders more confident for the company. Therefore, the stakeholders would like to do business with the company. Share prices. According to the study of Amat, Blake and Dowds, the accounting flexibility can help to boost the share prices of the company and make the company appeared to less risks for the investors. From the Exhibit 4, it is obvious to see that the EPS without improperly revenue recognition is much lower than the expectation. That means the market will decrease the share price for Computer Associates because of the low revenues. In order to change the situation, Computer Associates should manipulate the revenues to meet the expectations to maintain or increase the share price so that the confidence of the investors can be enhanced. The analysts. As it is mentioned in the case, investors gain information about investments from the analysts instead of the company. The main method which Analysts gather the information about the company is to analyze the financial reports. If the company fails to meet the expectation of the market, the analysts will doubt about the companys future earnings and the credibility. Computer Associates do not want to make the analysts feel doubtful about the companys development so that it tries to manipulate the revenues to meet the expectation of the markets. Q4. All issues related to revenue eventually affect the calculation and recognition of income. Making specific reference to the Comprehensive Income Project initiated by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), carefully outline the concept of income that has been proposed by this project and the major issues highlighted. According to IASB, income refers to the increases in the benefits in the accounting period in the form of increases of the assets or the decreases of the liabilities which lead to the increase in equity. Comprehensive income is the changes in equity in a period of transactions and other events and circumstances from sources which are not owned by someone. All the changes in equity should be included in comprehensive income while the investment by owners and distributions to owners should be excluded. Comprehensive income is the sum of historic transaction income and unrealized fair value of the other items. For the historic transaction income, it refers to the entitys income during an accounting period which relative to the companys operation. In IFRS 13, fair value is the value which can be received when selling the assets or paying to transfer a liability in fairly transaction between knowledgeable and willingness parties. Fair value measurement defines as a market-based measuremen t and it is not an entity-specific measurement. Hard income refers to budgeted income that should be recognized during the operations and soft income is the actual income which recognized after the operation. In 2004, a Joint International Working Group on Performance Reporting was established (IASB 2004a). It is helpful in Comprehensive Income Project to establish the standards of the comprehensive income presentation in financial reports. (IASB 2005b) Comprehensive income requires the entity to present all the items relative to income and expense during the period. One single or two statements are accepted. When the Accounting Handbook 2009 was released, the definition of comprehensive income was published. However, income statement was still useful. Therefore, there is a confusion that as the income statement is useful, it seems the comprehensive income approach is quite inconsistent. The comprehensive income requires all the changes in the revenues and expenses and the disclosure items haven been changed. Q5. Critically review and provide an overview summary of a minimum of at least two (2) academic research papers that asses the price relevance of comprehensive income. Show how this research may have influenced subsequent releases and changes in focus by the IASB. In the study of Biddle and Choi, they focused on the debate about the fundamental definition in accounting, the comprehensive income and the consideration of IASB relative to the question. In order to justify those issues, information content, predictive ability and executive compensation contraction were used to examine. The study drew a conclusion that different definition of income makes different decisions and applications and disclosing separately comprehensive income components is useful for making decision. This study is the first study to examine this kind of issue. Another study which had done by Cahan, Courtenay, Gronewoller and Upton, suggested that, to some extent comprehensive income more value relevant than net income. Nevertheless, when doing the asset revaluation increments and foreign currency translation, the effect of comprehensive income was weak and there was no benefit in reporting the separate components of comprehensive income. In conclusion, as for the authors, in the comprehensive income approach, some information was useless, which lead to the comprehensive income did not really benefit the investors. As in a study of comprehensive income, Hanlon had the similar opinion with Cahan, Courtenay, Gronewoller and Upton. In Hanlons study, he mentioned the value relevance of mandated comprehensive income disclosures and discussed whether to choose reported in comprehensive income basis or reported in net income basis. He found that there is no evidence to support the value relevance which would be affected by the comprehensive income. Thus, he suggested that components of comprehensive income were not really value relevant after the controlling for the net income. From my point of view, after reading three essays above, IASB need to focus more on the uses of comprehensive income which IASB makes the entity to report. There are many differences between the different situations so that it leads to different adoptions. Revenue recognition is quite complex. IASB should do more researches to find out whether to use the comprehensive income approach or not when facing different situations.